1. Introduction and History of Cryptography

• What is Cryptography?
• History of Cryptography
• Mono-Alphabet Substitution
  • Caesar Cipher
  • Atbash Cipher
  • Affine Cipher
  • ROT13 Cipher
  • Scytale
  • Single Substitution Weaknesses
• Multi-Alphabet Substitution
  • Cipher Disk
  • Vigenère Cipher
    • Vigenère Cipher: Example
    • Breaking the Vigenère Cipher
  • Playfair Cipher
  • ADFGVX Cipher
• Homophonic Substitution
• Null Ciphers
• Book Ciphers
• Rail Fence Ciphers
• The Enigma Machine
• CrypTool

2. Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes

• Symmetric Cryptography
• Information Theory
  • Information Theory Cryptography Concepts
• Kerckhoffs’s Principle
• Substitution
• Transposition
• Binary Math
  • Binary AND
  • Binary OR
  • Binary XOR
• Block Cipher vs. Stream Cipher
• Symmetric Block Cipher Algorithms
  • Basic Facts of the Feistel Function
    • The Feistel Function
    • Unbalanced Feistel Cipher
  • Data Encryption Standard (DES)
  • 3DES
    • DESx
    • Whitening
  • Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
    • AES General Overview
    • AES Specifics
  • Blowfish
  • Serpent
  • Twofish
  • Skipjack
  • International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA)
  • CAST
  • Tiny Encryption Algorithm (TEA)
  • SHARK
• Symmetric Algorithm Methods
  • Electronic Codebook (ECB)
  • Cipher-Block Chaining (CBC)
  • Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC)
  • Cipher Feedback (CFB)
  • Output Feedback (OFB)
  • Counter (CTR)
  • Initialization Vector (IV)
• Symmetric Stream Ciphers
  • Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4
  • Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: FISH
  • Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
• Hash Function
  • Hash – Salt
  • MD5
    • The MD5 Algorithm
  • MD6
  • Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA)
  • FORK-256
  • RIPEMD-160
  • GOST
  • Tiger
  • MAC and HMAC
• CryptoBench

3. Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography

• Asymmetric Encryption
• Basic Number Facts
  • Prime Numbers
  • Co-Prime Numbers
  • Euler’s Totient
  • Modulus Operator
  • Fibonacci Numbers
• Birthday Theorem
  • Birthday Paradox
    • Birthday Paradox: Probability
  • Birthday Attack
• Random Number Generator
  • Classification of Random Number Generator
  • Traits of a Good PRNG
  • Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function
  • Linear Congruential Generator
  • Lehmer Random Number Generator
  • Lagged Fibonacci Generator (LFG)
  • Blum Blum Shub
  • Yarrow
  • Fortuna
• Diffie-Hellman
• Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA)
  • RSA – How it Works
  • RSA Example
• Menezes–Qu–Vanstone
• Digital Signature Algorithm
  • Signing with DSA
• Elliptic Curve
  • Elliptic Curve Variations
• Elgamal
• CrypTool

4. Applications of Cryptography

• FIPS Standards
• Digital Signatures
• What is a Digital Certificate?
  • Digital Certificates
    • 509
    • 509 Certificates
    • 509 Certificate Content
    • 509 Certificate File Extensions
  • Certificate Authority (CA)
    • Certificate Authority – Verisign
  • Registration Authority (RA)
  • Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
  • Digital Certificate Terminology
  • Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol
  • Digital Certificate Management
  • Trust Models
  • Certificates and Web Servers
  • Microsoft Certificate Services
  • Windows Certificates: certmgr.msc
  • Authentication
    • Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
    • Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP)
    • Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
    • Kerberos
      • Components of Kerberos System
      • Kerberos Authentication Process
    • Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
      • PGP Certificates
    • Wi-Fi Encryption
      • Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
      • WPA – Wi-Fi Protected Access
      • WPA2
    • SSL
    • TLS
    • Virtual Private Network (VPN)
      • Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
        • PPTP VPN
      • Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol VPN
      • Internet Protocol Security VPN
      • SSL/TLS VPN
    • Encrypting Files
      • Backing up the EFS key
      • Restoring the EFS Key
    • BitLocker
      • BitLocker: Screenshot
    • Disk Encryption Software: VeraCrypt
    • Common Cryptography Mistakes
    • Steganography
      • Steganography Terms
      • Historical Steganography
      • Steganography Details
      • Other Forms of Steganography
      • How to Embed?
      • Steganographic File Systems
      • Steganography Implementations
      • Demonstration
    • Steganalysis
      • Steganalysis – Raw Quick Pair
      • Steganalysis – Chi-Square Analysis
      • Steganalysis – Audio Steganalysis
    • Steganography Detection Tools
    • National Security Agency and Cryptography
      • NSA Suite A Encryption Algorithms
      • NSA Suite B Encryption Algorithms
      • National Security Agency: Type 1 Algorithms
      • National Security Agency: Type 2 Algorithms
      • National Security Agency: Type 3 Algorithms
      • National Security Agency: Type 4 Algorithms
    • Unbreakable Encryption

5. Cryptanalysis

• Breaking Ciphers
• Cryptanalysis
• Frequency Analysis
• Kasiski
• Cracking Modern Cryptography
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
  • Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack
• Linear Cryptanalysis
• Differential Cryptanalysis
• Integral Cryptanalysis
• Cryptanalysis Resources
• Cryptanalysis Success
• Rainbow Tables
• Password Cracking
• Tools